2.2.1 Power Culture . Handy (1993) Alleges That A Power

2.2.1 Power culture Handy (1993) alleges that a power culture depends on a central power source which consists of only a few people. This power centre controls all operations, but this control only functions up to a certain organization size. Beyond this point, the control of the centre collapses. Harrison (1972) examines further that a power culture is characterized by a highly competitive mindset. Therefore, this culture avoids being subject to any regulation and people within the organization try to retain their power at any cost. However, this characteristic enables them to thrive in a highly competitive environment. Another aspect of this culture type is its pronounced hierarchy. Information must pass through many layers before a†¦show more content†¦This goal is the most important aspect and nothing shall prohibit its attainment. Indeed, the downside of this attitude is that employees do not hesitate to break rules (Harrison, 1972). In contrast to the last two cultures, authority is only accepted when it contributes to the goal’s achievement. That implies that the culture is decentralized and therefore it can adapt to external changes rapidly. That is one of its key strengths (Harrison, 1972). However, this also means that this culture has difficulties in producing economies of scale (Handy, 1993). Furthermore, this type rewards personal commitment (Handy, 1993), but once a person’s knowledge becomes obsolete, they are expected to leave (Harrison, 1972). Therefore, while providing development opportunities, the individuals’ economic security is rather low. Due to its emphasis on agility (Handy, 1993), this culture thrives in fast-paced environments. Research teams (Harrison, 1972) or advertising agencies (Handy, 1993) are likely to exhibit such a culture. Matrix culture This type is a merger of role and task culture. Harrison (1972) argues that the internal conflict between the need for swift reaction to external changes (task) and internal integration (role) could lead to a matrix culture. 2.2.4 Person culture It was distinctive for the three preceding types that the people serve the organization but within a person culture the organization serves the people.

Putting Beliefs About Racism into Action Essay - 707 Words

Putting Beliefs About Racism into Action Christians have always taught that Gods love and salvation are freely available to all people and all racial groups. In the gospel of John, it records that Jesus died on the cross because God loved the whole world (John 3:16). Also, Jesus talks about the Second Coming And this gospel of the Kingdom will be preached to the whole world as a testimony to all nations and then the end will come. By this Jesus meant that when all nations accept each other; no racism, only then will the Second Coming happen. So therefore the Church and ourselves are to except all races. During WW2 the Protestant churches joined together to form the Reichstag church†¦show more content†¦He used peace protests, political speeches, a bus boycott, civil rights movement and a talk with the US government. Even though others reacted with violence towards him, he always remained peaceful. A woman named Rose Parks started off the Bus Boycott. Normally blacks had to get up off their seats if a white person needed one; not racial equality. They walked to work instead, it was called Walk to freedom, even though black homes were attacked it remained peaceful. The bus companies were nearly bankrupt so the US government declared the Alabama bus laws illegal. In 1963 Martin Luther King led a protest to Washington D.C. were he gave the famous I have a dream speech. There he talked having a dream were there was no segregation Were little black boys and little black girls will hold hands with little white boys and little white girls In 1964 he was awarded the Nobel Peace P rize. Whilst in 1965 the right to vote was granted to black adults, He was assassinated in 1968 in a hotel in Memphis, Tennessee. Bishop Desmond Mpilo Tutu was born in 1931 in Klerksdorp, Transvaal. In 1975 he was appointed Dean of St. Marys Cathedral in Johannesburg, the first black to hold that position. From 1976 to 1978 he was Bishop of Lesotho, and in 1978 became the first black General Secretary of the South African Council of Churches. Desmond Tutu has formulated his objective as aShow MoreRelatedThe Heart Of Racism, And Tommie Shelby Paper1177 Words   |  5 PagesWhat is racism? The Merriam-Webster’s dictionary defines racism as â€Å"a belief that race is the primary determinant of human traits and capacities and that racial differences produce an inherent superiority of a particular race†. Is it actions or beliefs that make someone or something fundamentally racist? These are the main ideas behind J.L.A Garcia’s paper â€Å"The Heart of Racism† and Tommie Shelby paper â€Å"Is Racism in the Heart?† Exposition of the opposed position: According to Garcia racism is definedRead MoreRacism During The United States1282 Words   |  6 PagesRacism in the United States Whites seemingly have always thought they were somehow superior to colored people. 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As an unconscious desire, this can result in a series of irrational behaviors and beliefs, such as the Antillean speaking French, the desire for a white spouse or sexual partner, or cosmetic treatments of skin whitening and hair straightening. Addressing these irrational behaviors and beliefs, Fanon insists that â€Å"If we want to understand the racial situation psychoanalytically†¦considerable importance must be given to sexual phenomena†

Rooms division assignment Free Essays

The unit examines the role of the rooms ivision within the management of a hospitality operation, the operational elements that comprise the rooms division and how these are deployed by management to maximise both occupancy and rooms revenue. Learners will gain understanding of the role of the front office as the ‘nerve centre’ of customer activity with network communication links within and to other departments. They will also gain understanding of the management of housekeeping services. We will write a custom essay sample on Rooms division assignment or any similar topic only for you Order Now Learners will be able to identify trends and technologies which impact on rooms division operations and effectively utilise a computerised operating system within the rooms division. Main Assignment Tasks Learning outcome 1 You are a trainee manager who has been asked by his manager to prepare a short induction presentation to ensure that newly recruited staff understands services provided by the rooms division in diverse contexts. TASK 1 (ACI. I ) services for at least two organisations. Examples of front office services) Housekeeping and maintenance Decoration and furnishings Refurbishment Accommodation environment and occupancy Guest services and supplies Linen services and laundry Cleaning services Environmental issues You will need supporting notes describing accommodation and front office services. Provide real industry examples where possible and make sure you reference your sources of information. Please submit a hard copy of your presentation and notes by the xx/xx/2013. Please also include these with your final report. TASK 2 (ACI . 2) Produce a table outlining the roles and responsibilities of Accommodation and Reception Services staff using as an example of a specific company. Accommodation Staff Responsibilities Roles Reception Service Staff Company 1 – Roles Notes should support your tables Give clear references to sources of information. Please submit a hard copy of the table and notes by xx/xW2013. Please also include the table with your final report. TASK 3 (ACI . 3) Discuss the legal and statutory requirements in relation to the room’s division operations. (Examples of legal and statutory requirements) Health and Safety Hazardous substances Protective clothing Consumer law Price tariff and display Data protection TASK 4 (AC 1. 4) Evaluate services provided by the rooms division in a range of hospitality businesses (Examples of different businesses) Hospitality businesses Hotel Restaurant University campus Learning outcome 2 TASK 2. Assess the importance of the front of house area to effective management. The areas that are important to effective management include: Business/Department plans Operations POS management Night audit Use of technology Controlling and updating front-of-house-services Consumer and data protection Pricing. TASK 2. 2 given hospitality operation. Company 1 – Key Aspects Some of these should include: Visual impacts First impressions Design and layout Zoning Ambience Colour Flowers/Plants Heati ng Lighting Security TASK 2. Importance to planning and management Critically discuss the key operational issues affecting the effective management and business performance of the front office area for a given operation Examples of front office area operations: Services – Rooms related Concierge Information Sales Administration Financial Marketing Human resources, quality, customer Learning outcome 3 1 . Assess the importance of property interiors and design to effective management using a specific company (AC3. 1). Business departmental plans, operations and procedures Interior design in terms of visual impact, ambience, ratings, cost Access to mobility within interior, fabrics/furnishings/fittings Space, lighting, heating, effect of colour, flows plants 2. Discuss the critical aspects of planning and management of the accommodation ervice function for a given hospitality operation (AC3. 2) To include the bedrooms, function rooms, meeting, staff, public) Linen and laundry, cleaning, leisure areas, waste management, use of technology, health and safety, consumer and building regulations, evaluating and controlling rooms services. . Analyse the key operational issues affecting the effective management and business performance of the accommodation service function for a given operation. (AC3. 3) Human resources Quality and Customer Learning outcome 4 4. Performance revenue/yield management activities to maximise occupancy and erishability cycle Distribution channels, price discrimination different rates and tariff structures to maximise occupancy Inventory management including the use of booking horizons to maximise yield, advantages and disadvantages of yield management. Hotel internet marketing including viral marketing 5. Discuss the sales techniques that room division staff can use to promote and maximise revenue. (AC4. 2) Tariff structures, market based pricing, negotiated sales, (delegate, seasonal and corporate packages) Use of overbooking policy, sales leads, referrals, selling other services, Up-selling, repeat business, customer loyalty scheme, ource of bookings, central reservations, agents. 6. Discuss the purpose and use of forecasting and statistical data within the rooms division. (AC4. ) Comparison of actual data to projected, formulation of marketing and pricing policy, Operational and financial reports. 7. Calculate room division performance indicators to measure the success of accommodation and sales. (AC4. 4) Front office performance indicators (room occupancy %, sleeper %, double/twin occupancy %, average room rate, and average sleeper %. Achievement of Pass, Merit and Distinction Grade Achievement of a Pass grade: A pass grade is achieved by meeting all the requirements defined in the assessment criteria for pass for each unit. Achievement of a merit grade To achieve a merit grade you must achieve a pass grade and also your essay/ assignment/coursework demonstrates your abilities and skills in the following areas: MI identify and apply strategies to find appropriate solutions M2 select/design and apply appropriate methods/ techniques M3 present and communicate appropriate findings On successful completion of these assignments learners will achieve the following learning outcomes: Achievement of Pass, Merit and Distinction Grades 1 . Achievement of Pass Grade A Pass grade is achieved by learner on meeting all the minimum requirements defined in the assessment criteria for each unit. 2. Achievement of Merit Grade To achieve a Merit grade learner must achieve a pass grade and also his/her essay/ assignment/coursework demonstrate his/her abilities and skills in the following areas: MI: Identify and apply strategies to find appropriate solutions. Effective Judgements have been made Complex problems with more than one variable have been explored An effective approach to study and research has been applied M2: Select/design and apply appropriate methods/techniques. Relevant theories have been applied A range of methods and techniques have been applied A range of sources of information have been used The selection of methods and techniques/sources have been Justified The design of methods/techniques have been Justified Complex information/data have been synthesised and processed Appropriate learning methods/techniques have been applied M3: Present and communicate appropriate findings. The appropriate structure and approach has been used Coherent, logical development of principles/concepts for the intended audience A range of methods of presentation have been used Technical language has been accurately used Communication has been taken place in familiar and unfamiliar contexts The communication is appropriate for familiar and unfamiliar audiences and appropriate media have been used 3. Achievement of Distinction Grade To achieve a Distinction grade learner must achieve a merit grade and also his/her essay/assignment/coursework demonstrate his/her abilities and skills in the following Dl: Use critical reflection to evaluate own work and Justify valid conclusions. Conclusions have been arrived at through synthesis of ideas and have been Justified The validity of results has been evaluated using defined criteria Self-criticism of approach has taken place sucess D2: Take responsibility for managing and organising activities. Autonomy/ independence has been demonstrated Substantial activities, projects or investigations have been planned, managed and organised Activities have been managed The unforeseen has been accommodated The importance of interdependence has been recognised and achieved D3: Demonstrate convergent/lateral/creative thinking. Ideas have been generated and decisions taken Self-evaluation has taken place Convergent and lateral thinking have been applied Problems have been solved Innovation and creative thought have been applied Receptiveness to new ideas is evident Effective thinking has taken place in unfamiliar contexts Plagiarism and Collusion Any act of plagiarism and collusion will be seriously dealt with according to the regulations. In this context the definition and scope of plagiarism are presented below: ‘Plagiarism occurs when a student misrepresents, as his/her own work, the work, written or otherwise, of any other person (including another student) or of any institution. Examples of forms of plagiarism include: the verbatim (word for word) opying of another’s work without appropriate and correctly presented acknowledgement; the close paraphrasing of another’s work by simply changing a few words or altering the order of presentation, without appropriate and correctly presented acknowledgement; unacknowledged quotation of phrases from another’s work; The deliberate and detailed presentation of another’s concept as one’s own. All types of work submitted by students are covered by this definition, including, written work, diagrams, designs, engineering drawings and pictures. ‘Collusion occurs when, unless with official approval (e. g. in the case of group rojects), two or more students consciously collaborate in the preparation and production of work which is ultimately submitted by each in an identical, or substantially similar, form and/or is represented by each to be the product of his or her individual efforts . Collusion also occurs where there is unauthorised co-operation between a student and another person in the preparation and production of work which is presented as the student’s own. (ibid)’ If an extension is necessary for a valid reason, requests can me made using a course work extension request form available from the college. Please note that the lecturers o not have the authority to extend the coursework deadlines and therefore do not ask them to award a coursework extension. How to cite Rooms division assignment, Papers

Flat Organization

Question: Explain Flat organization or self-managed organization. Answer: An effective organizational facilities management and clarifies roles and responsibilities, relationships, levels of authority and supervisory or reporting lines. To satisfy the objectives, organizational channel endeavors of its employees in unified direction and establish means of allocating responsibilities/resources and control under arrangements referred as structure. By the reviewing structure of the organization, a manager will be able to specify which human, technical and financial resources are available, how they should be allocated and which resources needs more attention to recover. One recent development in the organizational structure is being centralized and organic where each authority is distributed and every team is self-organized. The aim of this report is evaluate the importance of Holacracy as an organizational structure for the 21st century organizations and to explore how Holacracy would impact the organization. According to Propfe (2015), Holacracy can be char acterized by overlapping circles, so that teams can come together to accomplish tasks. Traditionally, hierarchical structure have provided control and centralized decision making. Such structure served well in the past, managing people in a most clear and efficient way, allocating resources and getting work done. However, one of the trade-offs for these efficiencies is frequently resistance to change- layers of hierarchy become restricted from lower levels and in this context, a number of viable alternative management structures emerging in organizations across the world. In the high profile case like Zappos (a US based online clothing shop and shoe), Holacracy structure has been implemented where power of management hierarchy were removed and instead distributed across an organization. Here in this research, the researcher will provide a brief literature review to understand the importance of Holacracy organizational structure in managing modern organization along with its implemen tation consequences. Developing the research questions, the researcher will follow a methodology by incorporating several tools and techniques. By developing a Gantt chart, the researcher will estimate a timeline to accomplish the task maintaining a structured approach. Literature Review An effort given towards accomplishes the common goal is all about organizational and thus, structuring it effectively is a critical factor for the business success. According to Sakalas and Venskus (2015), organizational structure signifies how a particular tasks are divided, allocated and coordinated in organizations. Based in the specific roles and responsibilities, the authorities are delegated and assigned. By a proper design of organization, managers evaluates six core elements which are involved in decision making: Work specialization, Departmentalization, Chain of command, Span of control, Centralization and decentralization and Formalization. Organizations commonly adapt five core structures of organization: Flat structure, Hierarchical structure, Flatter structure, Flatarchies and Holacracy structure.By following the layout of a pyramid, every employee in an organization is subordinate to someone else under the hierarchical structure of organization. Here the authority and l evel of responsiveness are being valued and employees perceive level of leaderships within an organization. Hanks (2015) however, contradicts that rivalry between departments may inflame as each department makes decisions its individual interests rather than the organizations as a whole. On the other hand, the structure of flat organization supervises staffs less while promoting their enhanced involvement in the decision making process. According to Lemons (2015), this form of structure elevates the levels of responsibilities of employees in the organization, However, Foster (2016) argued that flat structure restricts the long-term growth of organization because a generalized approach has been taken while delegation of authorities instead of specialized approach. In case of the Flatter organization, managers tend to foster greater communication between employees. This can be considers a less bureaucratic approach however, the roles of various departments can also be imprecise to cer tain extend in case of flatter organization (Khan 2015). On the contrary, Flatarchies considers a dynamic organizational structure. According to Shafritz, Ott and Jang (2015),Flatarchies lies between hierarchical and flat organizations. Under this structure, company generally operates within an existing structure however often allow employees to suggest and then run with new ideas. Several literatures identifies as convenient structure where a modern treatment of approach has been taken in decision making of an organization.The word Holacracy is a derivative of holon focused on autonomy rather than defined tasks, roles or job titles. The design of Holacracy was developed by Brian Robertson a software engineer, in 2007. By enforcing more efficient way of working, the Holacracy is also characterized by corporations doing away with managers, job titles and having consensual decision making. Robertson has taken the idea which was borrowed from W.L. Gore, who was pioneered this in the pe riod of 1950 at The Morning Star Company. During the period, Holacracy-like structure was developed as an alternative to a top-down hierarchical, organizational design. According to Sawada (2015), Holacracy is a new approach of running a corporation that removes power from the management hierarchy and distributes it across transparent roles. Several modern organizations have shown their interest in Holacracy considering an effective organizational structure and mention the following attributes:Flexible Organizational Structure (with clear roles and accountabilities)New format of meeting (action-driven and eliminating analysis)More Autonomy to Individuals and Teams (Gets opportunities to resolve issue individually and cut through bureaucracy)Unique decision making Process (Evolve continuously the structure of organizations)Under the Holacracy organizational structure, teams or circles are being decentralized and featured individual work in precise functions or projects. Each circle r uns democratically and transparently specifying details and procedures on how things are managed and how long decisions are being made. Circles are focused on tasks that required to be accomplished, drawing of those with particular skills and allowing individuals to be flexible. Once an assignment needs more staff, jobs can be re-distributed or more hires can be made. Hussain and Huganir (2016) opines within Holacracy, everyone is seen a leader. Under this approach, an organizational effectiveness is being enhanced because individuals become entrepreneurs in their specialist circles and are given the power to change the organization. This approach is effective because people have a clear understanding about their roles and responsibilities and corporations tend to expand organically. An effort is made to make everything explicit and employee has become core decision makers in each area. Thus, the authorities are being distributed and superior execution of programmatic work processes being executed. In holacratic organizations, issues are resolved by individuals after identifying the problems by writing them down and resolving them systematically. According to Hunter (2015) Holacratic organization gives the opportunity to work under the clear environment by removing extraneous variables so that people can focus only on work. By this self-organized approach, decision making is encouraged and a looking for concern is discouraged. As per the opinion of Thurshika and Andrew (2016), roles are segregated and individuals are assigned and reassigned to jobs at the time of project initiation. For example, Stirmans organization, a medium owned by Twitter has embraced the Holacratic working style a shave Zappos, a retailer of shoe. By following this approach, both the organizations has successfully empowers individuals by allowing their own decisions and thus, choices were beneficial for the organizations. Since then both the organizations receives positive feedbacks due to produces solutions to problems fast. However, there are much criticism has been found in the literature mentioning that too much focuses on work, it often missed out the actual individuals and not the task that required to be completed (Weigelt and Miller 2013). On the contrary, Propfe (2015) suggests people have multiple roles in Holacracy, often works in different teams and those role descriptions are constantly updated by the team who are actually doing the operation. Thus, Holacracy allows people a lot of freedom to express their creative talents and the corporation have the opportunity to take advantage of those skills which never unfolded before by any of the above mentioned organizational structure. Under the traditional structure, companies assigned a job to each individual where people often find difficulties because job descriptions are imprecise, often irrelevant and rarely updated. In contrast, roles are definite around the work instead of people and updated regularly by the approach of Holacracy. Furthermore, authority is truly distributed whereas managers loose delegated authority under the conventional organizational structure. Under Holacracy, every team self-organizes whereas the traditional companies are rarely revisited and mandated from the top. Moreover, rules are visible in Holacracy organizations and each employee is bound by the same rules. By the above discussion, this can be said that the work under Holacracy is more structured those conventional organizational structures. The teams of organization have the authority to decide internally how to provide the best results. With full of operational freedom, this replaces the conventional hierarchy with a series of interconnected but autonomous teams. Thus, these increase operational capabilities of organizations.Synthesizing multiple sources to present the unique argument, research questions are designed by the researcher. It further investigates the rationale of the research topics. B ased on the research questions, the research methodologies have been designed and helped to explore the end research outcomes. In this research study, the following research questions are developed by the researcher:How does Holacracy create influence to organizations?What are the advantages and disadvantages of the Holacracy organizational structure?How does Holacracy structure being designed by the organization?What are the difference between Holacracy and traditional organizational hierarchy? The above mentioned research questions evaluates the importance of the Holacracy in the modern business organizations. By answering these questions the researcher can determine its impact and understand the implementations approach. The methodology of research is all about the systematic process used to collect information and data for decision makings. There are different tools and techniques are used in the research methodology sections such as surveys, interviews, publication research and other research techniques. Based on the research methodology technique the researcher will identify suitable data collection methods to explore the research topic. Here it is important to select an appropriate research design method for exploring the research topic more effectively and efficiently. The researcher will come across three types of research designs for examining the effectiveness of Holacratic organization structure. These three methods are explanatory, exploratory and descriptive. By the method of exploratory research, the researcher will focus on the discovery of ideas and insights an opposed to collecting statistically accurate data. The exploratory research design will highlight the importance of Holacratic organizational structure, potential challenges, alternative course of actions and prioritizing areas that require statistical research. On the other hand, descriptive research will explore the detail analysis of the research topic. This descriptive method allows the researcher to know about the nuisances regarding the research topic. Lastly, the explanatory research method is quantitative in nature as well as preplanned and structure in design. However, the exploratory research design is the most effective research design method for extensive research of the topic of the discussion and this method will also be used in this research study.There are two approaches are used in the research study: inductive and deductive. This study will follow the inductive approach as it evaluates relevant information and specific data which will explore to get the desired research outcome. Here the researcher will come across various theories for investigating the topic of the research in a comprehensive manner. For this research several data, practitioners guides will be explored so it is quite justifiable for the research to take the inductive approach. 5.0 Gantt Chart:Research Process:The research process is a systematic approach to accomplish the resear ch work within the schedules timeframe (Pickard 2012). By the following the fundamental steps, the research will get the research outcome. In this study of the research, the researcher primarily selects the research topic. In this context, the researcher will select the Holacratic organizational structure to evaluate its impacts and other implementation details related to this research topic. After this, the researcher will develop thee research aim and objectives to articulate the research outcomes. Based on this, the entire study will be structured. In addition, the research needs to develop research questions depending on the objectives. The research outcomes hypothetically analyzed the situation and all the detailed versions will be incorporated in this research study. In the third step, the research conducts a detailed literature review by incorporating several theories relating to the research topic. By evaluating several observations, explanations and previous studies, te res earch gather a detailed knowledge about the research topic. For doing the extensive research, various, books, journals, online studies, articles will be used by the researcher. However, more data will be required for detailed analysis and these data collection method is required to be selected in order to analyze the corresponding consequences such as advantages and difficulties associated with the implementing Holacratic approach within the organization. Therefore, the fourth stage would be to incorporate the appropriate data collection. There are two types of data can be collected in the research study: primary and secondary. In this research, however, the primary data will be collected by conducting the survey questionnaires. In the next stage, the gather data will be analyzed and evaluated. After the data analysis, the research will accomplish the task and the final results will be obtained. However entire research process needs to be followed and a systematic approach shall be taken seriously.Data Collection and Analysis method: Data collection: Success of conducting research depends over the outcomes that are gained by the researcher at the end of the research (Palinkas et al. 2015). In that case a sufficient data needs to be collected and analyzed. There are two types of methods are available to gather data at the result of the research such as primary and secondary data collection method. To explore the primary data, the data regarding the research topic or relevant to the research topic will be accumulated from the proposed respondents and key professionals. By observing methods, in-depth interview and survey through questionnaires are the common approaches to collect data through primary data collection process. Most of the researcher prefers this approach because a direct communication with the respondents will be established which will help to reach at the result of the research. On the other hand, data collection on the basis of previous data and various research scholars articles is all about secondary data collecti on method. However, the best practice approach needs to be selected by the researcher considering the research topic. In that case, several types of approaches include case study, documentation review, previous projects, and articles and so on. Under this method, the research further can exploit the information which is available on company websites.In this research study, the researcher will explore both primary and secondary data to accumulate sufficient information so that this research gets the enough resources for evaluation. In the primary data collection section, the researcher will conduct the survey questionnaires and in-depth interviews. The practitioners or adapters of Holacratic organization structure will be chosen as the research respondents whose response will be collected and recorded. Bu reviewing previous data and information, on the other hand, will be collected to gather more and more knowledge regarding the research topic. Data analysis: Data analysis consists with qualitative and quantitative methods (O'Leary 2013). Here in this research, a mixed method will be analyzed. Data reliability and accuracy will be enhanced by utilizing both qualitative and quantitative data. Accumulating data from the management people of Australian organizations will be accumulated by the qualitative research. On the other hand, personal interviews will be arranged to conduct the qualitative research (Taylor, Bogdan and DeVault 2015). Here 50 management people from different designations will be selected as proposed responded and their responses will be analyzed. In this way, the researcher will get the number of favorable and unfavorable responses. 8.0 Expected Research OutcomesAfter exploring the ranges of data and information, the expected research outcomes will be developed. By extensive data collection and research analysis procedures, the researcher will be able to provide the brief knowledge if Holacracy. This will help to underst and the impacts and practicing approaches under the Holacracy organizational structure. Furthermore, the practitioner will be able to understand relevant challenges regarding the implementation of Holacracy structure from the conventional hierarchy. By considering ethical approaches, the company will get the ultimate benefits of Holacratic work culture and enhance the organizational efficiencies. Within Holacracy, the researcher would identify issues by having consensual decision making. References: Foster, P.A., 2016. The open organization: A new era of leadership and organizational development. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd..Gupta, V. and Van Wart, M., 2015. Leadership Across the Globe. Routledge.Hanks, S.H., 2015. The organization life cycle: Integrating content and process. Journal of Small Business Strategy, 1(1), pp.1-12.Hunter, S.D., 2015. Combining Theoretical Perspectives on the Organizational Structure-Performance Relationship. Journal of Organization Design, 4(2), pp.24-37.Hussain, N.K. and Huganir, R.L., 2016. Structure and molecular organization of the postsynaptic density. Dendrites, p.159.Khan, Y., 2015. Designing an Effective Organization Structure.Lemons, J.F., 2015. Issue: Flat Management Flat Management.O'Leary, Z., 2013. The essential guide to doing your research project. Sage.Palinkas, L.A., Horwitz, S.M., Green, C.A., Wisdom, J.P., Duan, N. and Hoagwood, K., 2015. Purposeful sampling for qualitative data collection and analysis in mixed method implementation rese arch. Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research, 42(5), pp.533-544.Pickard, A., 2012. Research methods in information. Facet publishing.Propfe, D., 2015. Teal Organizations and Strategic Sustainable Development: A promising approach to transition businesses towards sustainability (Doctoral dissertation, Blekinge Institute of Technology).Sakalas, A. and Venskus, R., 2015. Interaction of learning organization and organizational structure. Engineering Economics, 53(3).Sawada, K., 2015, December. Placing a liaison with long communication lengths between two members in an organization structure. In Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management (IEEM), 2015 IEEE International Conference on (pp. 190-193). IEEE.Shafritz, J., Ott, J. and Jang, Y., 2015. Classics of organization theory. Cengage Learning.Taylor, S.J., Bogdan, R. and DeVault, M., 2015. Introduction to qualitative research methods: A guidebook and resource. John Wiley Sons.Thurshika, S. and Andrew, A., 2016. The influence of organization Structure for change on Employee Performance. Journal for Studies in Management and Planning, 2(5), pp.258-269.Weigelt, C. and Miller, D.J., 2013. Implications of internal organization structure for firm boundaries. Strategic Management Journal, 34(12), pp.1411-1434.

The Hiring Decision

The hiring decision of the most qualified Deputy Minister of the agency will be based on both the academic qualifications and working experience of the candidates who have applied for the job (Carroll, 1990).Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on The Hiring Decision specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More To begin with, it is vital to underscore the fact that the agency deals with setting safety standards and product testing of all environmental emissions and goods produced from manufacturing plants. Therefore, the most suitable candidate should possess a solid background in environmental science. The ideal candidate should be a specialist on environmental pollution control. Before embarking on the academic qualifications of the candidate, it is profound to highlight the job description criteria that the new Deputy Minister will be expected to deliver while in office. To begin with, the Deputy Minister (DM) will have to ensure that there is thorough compliance with the local, state and national laws that govern the emission of hazardous materials from either manufactured products or factories. The new DM will be expected to be in a position to perform the following key roles: Management and development of information systems that can be used in the process of identifying various locations where hazardous materials are being released. The ability to update and deliver training programs for employees in relation to the emission of dangerous wastes and materials. Active supervision of active contracts that are being carried out in external locations. Examples of contracts include the removal and testing of materials that are hazardous. The ability to initiate thorough investigations regarding complaints emanating from employees especially in regards to harmful exposure to air pollutants and hazardous materials. The ability to enhance accurate maintenance of records by junior officials in the ministry . Records that should be maintained include transportation of hazardous wastes, complaint investigations and chemical inventories. Updating the Minister on both the proposed and current control measures that are linked to various areas of assigned programs. Initiating field work activities with the assistance of junior officers in the ministry. Facilitating regular sampling of wastes that may be harmful from factories. This duty should go hand in hand with screening of materials that are likely to contain heavy particles such as asbestos. The ability to initiate and monitor the process of maintaining inspection and operation schedules. It should be noted that while the above roles and responsibilities are supposed to be performed by the junior environmental specialists in the ministry, the DM is expected to possess similar skills and competences so that he or she is thoroughly updated on the daily activity logs at the ministry (Carroll, 1990). As a matter of fact, the DM must have attained various levels of achievements within his or her area of specialization before being appointed in this position. Required general qualifications The Deputy Minister (DM) should possess adequate working knowledge of environmental pollutants such as industrial gaseous emissions, hazardous pollutants that are manufactured in factories and general harmful materials such as asbestos. The DM should also be in capacity to comprehend and fully apply hazardous materials regulations that have been put in place by the government. He or she should possess ample working experience in relation to the processes of inspecting materials that are hazardous. He or she should be well endowed with excellent relationship, communication and interpersonal skills. Desired academic qualifications In addition to the above general qualifications for the Deputy Minister, he or she will also be assessed in terms of the academic qualifications as follows: Must possess a Bachelor’s degree in eit her physical or biological sciences from any accredited institution of higher learning. Background in environmental science related subjects like Biology and Chemistry. Natural science specialist will also qualify for this position. Advanced degree certification (masters and PhD) in the above mentioned fields. Additional skills and competences The DM should be thoroughly familiar with the tools used in environmental science. Some of these tools include digital survey patterns, soil probes, rain water samples, and mercury monitors. The candidate should posses the ability to utilize graphics and compliance software, be scientifically analytical and also be able to use map creation in a skilful manner. From the above pools of qualifications, it is evident that the Deputy Minister of the agency should be an individual who is adequately conversant with all the critical environmental matters (Carroll, 1990). He or she should have thorough knowledge of the entire system more than any of the environmental officers who have been deployed in the ministry. Therefore, the above criteria will be the most appropriate to use in appointing the Deputy Minister.Advertising Looking for case study on government? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Dr. Murray Lee is apparently the most qualified candidate among the three candidates due to his science background. However, he is no longer interested in the position. As an alternative candidate, Gerard Leclerc can be appointed as the DM due to his background in science. He is the director of the Consumer Scientists Association of Quebec and therefore suitably placed to take over as the Deputy Minister. Reference Carroll, B.W. (1990). Politics and Administration: A Trichotomy?† Governance: An  International Journal of Policy and Administration 4(3), 345-366. This case study on The Hiring Decision was written and submitted by user Nathan Cunningham to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Glass Managerie essays

Glass Managerie essays The Glass Managerie In The Glass Managerie,by Tennesee Williams, symbols are used to describe the characters in the play. Laura, a very frail and insecure character from the play, lives in a world of illusions. Crippled with one leg shorter than the other from a childhood illness, she lives her life through her collection of glass animals. They provide Lauras refuge from reality. One particular glass animal the fragile and rare unicorn symbolizes the characters sufferings. The brilliant use of the imagery of the glass unicorn helps express the emotional anguish of Laura. Only when the unicorn loses its horn, and become like the other glass horses does Laura too break free from her fantasy world and snap into reality and realize that she is not a freak as she thought she was. The obsession that Laura has for her glass ornaments is first eminent in scene two where she is seated in her delicate ivory chair, washing and polishing her collection. It is also in this scene where it is obvi ous that her mother has criticized her many times for her unusual fascination of the glass animals because at the sound her mother approaching, she nervously shoves away them away. And before entering the room, the mother, Amanda, peeks through the door to see what Laura is doing and purses her lips, opens her eyes very wide, rolls them upward and shakes her head (11). Amanda scorns Laura for deceiving her by pretending to go to business school even though she dropped out. Her reason was that it frightened her so bad it made her sick in the stomach (35). Because Laura does not have the courage to live a normal sociable life, the glass animals in this scene represent her hopes and dreams of another life. This fantasy life that Laura longs for is probably why she thought she could get away with deceiving her mother about going to business school. In scene three, the glass ornaments repres...

Assignment 4UT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Assignment 4UT - Essay Example For instance, the United States exercised imperialism over Latin American states during the reign of President Roosevelt. b. Rationale In the case of the Roosevelt Corollary, President Roosevelt acted in the pretense of limiting foreign involvement in the affairs of the Latin American states. According to Ayers (2009), Roosevelt claimed that mistakes the Latin American country made, would force the United States to exercise international police power. In the Panamanian Revolution, Roosevelt argued that the Colombians refused to take his offer for the canal. Additionally, there had been several other treaties made in the past with the Colombian government that had not been honored. c. Message from the Cartoons President Roosevelt is depicted as an adamant fighter who will stop at nothing to achieve his goal or victory. In relation to the Panamanian Revolution and the Roosevelt Corollary, Roosevelt depicts that he does not appreciate loosing and as such would use any available means to ensure that he succeeds. This is evident by the way he strangles his opponent in the depicted cartoon of him and the rail road trust. d. Events leading to Panamanian Revolution. By showing interest to the offer given by the Panamanian rebels over the Panama Canal, the United States effectively played a big role in enforcing the revolution. By secretly organizing a coup and declaring their independence with the protection of the United States Navy, the Panamanian rebels stole the Panama Canal Zone from the Colombians as claimed by the Republican senator Hayakawa. Question 2 Following the publication of a novel by Upton Sinclair, ’the jungle’, there was uproar by the American people amidst the revelations that the book revealed to the citizens. The massive filth and corruption of the meat packing industry had been exposed with Upton vividly describing how sick cows were slaughtered for beef at the watch of the meat inspector (Ayers, 2009). He also exposed how rats and o ther rodents were packed with regular meat and grinded to make sausages. As a result of this, there was massive demand by the public for reforms in the meat industry. This public outcry for reforms partly contributed to the progressive reform movement that was taking shape at the time. Upton’s article was characteristic of muckraking journalism in the sense that it reported on the wrong doings that was happening in the meat industry. By investigating and revealing the filth and rot that had been entrenched in such a sensitive industry, Upton qualified to be a muckraker. His article didn’t bear any positive news or reports about the happenings in the meat industry but instead condemned the wrong doings. Even the president, Roosevelt, was particularly disturbed by this publication. His immediate action was to send agents to investigate Upton’s claim. Unfortunately, the agents reported back a much worse situation than the one Upton published in his novel. He, there fore, requested the congress to pass a law for regulating food and drug usage and also putting in place a standard for inspection of meat. This was finally achieved in 1906 with the law requiring meat to be packed in a clean environment and meet the stipulated standards. He even invited Upton to statehouse and solicited his advice on ways to improve the inspection process to make them much safer. This system matched his current regulatory system in the sense tha

Analysis of Strategic Information Systems Research Paper

Analysis of Strategic Information Systems - Research Paper Example Data is collected at all points which act as sources of data which is then converted into needed information during the data processing phase and this, in turn, is made available at an appropriate time when people managing the company needs it. Essentially, information management is all about providing the right information to the right person at the right time. However, due to various reasons that occupy and clutter happenings in the company, we find that the information gets lost in them. Information Management also loses sight of why, when and how the information is needed in order to get targeted output. This would mean that the information management strategy should be clearly in line with the management strategy of the company. Secondly, the information management strategy is needed to ensure that the entire department works in sync. This will become more pronounced when the strength of people in the department grows. The staff in the department needs to get tuned to the management requirements and the strategy that the management of the company has adopted in order to ensure that all the targets of the information needs are met by the department. In order to make sure that this happens, the information department needs to form a strategy which would repeatedly cross-check whether the company's goals and targets are aligned to the targets and goals of the department. Thirdly, information management strategy ensures that there are a clear plan and purpose in the operation of the information department. This will also make sure that everyone in the department knows their own roles and responsibilities. Moreover, when an issue props up, then everyone knows who has to take care of what and thereby ensures smooth incident management as well. Knowledge Management Strategy Every company and organization has its own specific knowledge that is created over a period of time. This happens to ensure the very survival of the company. Knowledge comes about in different ways and means. It resides in drawings, designs that the company makes and in their intelligence properties. All these add up to knowledge and this knowledge needs to be managed properly to ensure that it is available to people who are working in the company when they need it. Knowledge Management is defined as making available in the right knowledge or information or company proprietary data to the right person when he needs it. It is about not enabling knowledge to people who are not supposed to receive it. Much the same way, it is also about people receiving only what they are supposed to receive. Anything above this or below this is not knowledge management. Moreover, who is to receive what kind of knowledge is the strategy that the company would adopt. The company needs to decide how to secure its knowledge packets should be. In most cases, the major quantum of knowledge resides in very minor information.

Computer aided design in mechanical engineering Essay

Computer aided design in mechanical engineering - Essay Example This lowered the cost of production per unit and enabled the production of goods that were cheap and could be bought by the general population. Ever since, the manufacturing process has undergone tremendous improvements, which has led to improved efficiency and lowered the cost of production further. The improvements in the electronics and computer design have led to the development of computer-controlled control systems. These systems are advantageous over previously used systems as they can be easily manipulated to change the output. Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAM) refers to the use of Numerical Control (NC) software applications to create G-code, which are the instructions fed to numerical control machines to produce the required output. The use of CAM has led to the production of high quality products. CAM can also be defined as the process of producing a manufacturing plan for the design of tools and models, and coordinating the machines, and simulation. The plan is then carried out on the production line. For machines to operate, they require a form of control. There are various types of control mechanism available including manual control, automatic control and computer control. Machines used for mass production are often expected to produce to repeat similar operations precisely and fast. They should repeat these processes repeatedly. This requires automation to improve the speed of these processes. Common techniques that are used in the control systems of machines include electrical systems, pneumatic systems, and mechanical systems. For such systems, if a change is required, the procedures necessary to effect the change are long, tedious, and expensive. Advances in computer and electronic technologies have been employed to design systems that are more flexible. The use of these technologies leads to an increase in the efficiency of machinery produced. The products produced are of better quality and are cheaper (Elanchezhan, Sunder &

Elasticity Of Demand And Economics Decision Making Economics Essay

Elasticity Of Demand And Economics Decision Making Economics Essay Extent or degree to which a demand or supply curve reacts to the change in price is called elasticity of that curve. This nature of curve varies with different nature of products means if a product is essential then change in price does not effect much on demand. On the other hand less essential product are quite sensitive to the price changes because opportunity cost of buying those product become too high. A good or service is said to be highly elastic if slight change in price leads to a sharp changes in quantity demanded or supplied. There are lots of products in the market which are not needed in our routine life. And a good or service is said to be highly inelastic if changes in price doesnt effect much on the quantity demanded or supplied. These are those product or services which are very much essential to our daily life. Price Elasticity of Demand It is defined as the percentage change in quantity demanded to the percentage change in price for a particular product or service. Demand is said to be elastic if change in price leads to a higher change in demand, in that case Price Elasticity of Demand (PED) would be more than one i.e PED > 1 P P D D Elastic demand PED>1 Q Perfectly Elastic Q Goods which comes under elastic category tend to have following characteristics They are luxury goods. They are very expensive like sports cars. Goods bought frequently. Goods with many substitutes in market. Price Inelasticity of Demand: Demand is said to be inelastic if the percentage change in price doesnt affect much on the demand of a product i.e. PED P P Inelastic demand PED Goods which come under inelastic category tend to have following characteristics: They are necessities. People are use to them means they are addictives like wine cigarettes. They have no or very few substitutes like petrol. They cost a small percentage of income and bought infrequently. In the short demand is usually more inelastic because it takes time to find alternatives. We can say if the price of chocolate increased demand would be inelastic as there is no alternatives, however if the price of mercury increased there are close substitutes in the form of other chocolates. Therefore demand would be more elastic. In broad there are three factors influencing the demands price elasticity: The availability of substitutes: This is the most important factor influencing the elasticity of a good or service. In general speaking more the substitutes the more elastic the demand will be. Income available to spend on goods: This factor affecting demand elasticity refers to the total a person can spend on a particular good or service. Now suppose price of orange juice goes up from $2 to $3 and the income remains the same. So the income that is available to spend on orange juice which is say $12 is enough for only 4 cans rather than 6. In other words consumer is forced to reduce his demand of orange juice. So if there is increase in price and at the same time no increase in available amount for that good or service then there will be elastic reaction in demand. Therefore demand will be sensitive to a change in price if there is no change in income. Time: Another important factor is time. If price of cigarettes goes up by 15%, a smoker with very few substitute start buying on daily basis instead of buying for a week or so. This suggests that tobacco is inelastic because change of price will not have a considerable influence on the quantity demanded. However if the smoker finds difficult to spend extra 15% and begins to get rid off smoking, the price elasticity of cigarettes for that consumer become elastic in long run. Market Structure: Every market has his own features on which it works or behaves. There are few features which we should consider while determining the market structure as First of all we should know the awareness of consumer about the market. We should know how knowledgeable our customers are. We should know how many firms are doing the same business; it tells us the extent of competition we are supposed to face. What type of product we are dealing with, whether it is coming in the category of necessary product or in the category of luxury product. Whether the entry in the market is easy or difficult and same is the case with leaving the market. Based upon these factors we decide whether the market is perfectly competitive or imperfectly competitive. In a perfectly competitive market there is no entry and exit barrier, we can enter or exit at any point of time from the market. Also in perfectly competitive market product is homogenous and there are large number of buyers and sellers. While in imperfectly competitive market there are very few buyers and sellers, very difficult to enter into and exit the market and at the same time there is monopoly of product. Market Structure of Airline Industry: Market structure which suits to Airline Industry is oligopoly market. In this type of market there are only 2-3 firms who dominate the market. Advertisement and marketing is very important in such type of markets. As there are very few firms, they know each other very well. They know strategies of each other. So they always consider their competitors, while making price strategies, because they just cant set the prices by themselves. They have to consider the pricing of their competitors as well. Although when one firm has a dominant position in the market the oligopoly may experience a price leadership. Firm having lower market share may forced to follow the pricing policy of dominant firm. As large amount of fixed cost is involved in this type of market so entry as well as exit is very difficult. There are basically three major theories about the oligopoly of pricing as under: These firms collaborate to charge the unique price and at the same time unique profit. These firms compete on price so that price as well as the profit will remain same as in competitive market. These firms had the price and profit in between of perfectly competitive and monopoly markets. Market Structure Seller Entry Barrier Buyer entry Barrier Number of Seller Number of Buyers Perfect competition No No Many many Oligopoly Yes No Very few many Monopoly Yes No Only one many Table for different market structure Yield Management: The basic concept of yield management is to provide right service to right person at the right price on right time. (Kimes, 1989: Weatherford and Bodily 1992). Now in case of Airline Industry we can define yield management as generating maximum revenue per seat by keeping customer satisfied. We can do this by applying different policies. As in every industry, customer is very important in this industry. Customer is paying quite an amount to get the services of this type of industry. So we have to take a very good care of customer as well. We have to provide good service right from the booking of ticket to leaving off the plane. The strategic points of yield management are four Cs namely, calendar, capacity, clock and cost and they all bound together with another C i.e. customer. Singapore Airlines is a great example of this. They take a great care of their customers. They keep data of each and every passenger travel with them. They not only provide excellent service but also maintain good and caring relations with customers. Firms compete for market share and demand from customers in many ways. We differentiate these ways into two major subheads i.e. Price Competition and Non-price Competition. We are considering New Zealand Airline Industry as an example Price Competition: Price competition involves increasing the demand by discounted the price. We increase our business in different ways as under: We can provide discounted tickets in the off seasons. We can provide ticket through some scheme like buy one ticket and get 50% discount on purchase of another ticket. This would definitely attract customers and at the same time would increase the revenue. Because there is no use of flying with vacant seat, its better to have customers with discounted tickets. We can also start pre booking scheme especially for our off season. We can launch scheme like discount on ticket booked 1-2 months before. This would enable us to know how much customer we have in our off season and we can make our further strategy according to that. If we still have very few bookings then we can offer some gifts, holiday package or so on booking to boom our sale. We can introduce new packages with our tickets. We can collaborate with few hotels to provide a complete holidays package to family, newly married couples teenagers. We can provide one way free travel, means a person can pay for one way and get the ticket for return as well. This will increase the revenue and at the same time enable us to get few loyal customers. Non- Price Competition: This is the focus on other strategies to increase the market share. There are various strategies which comes under this category as Advertisement and marketing is the major strategy which comes under this category. As there is huge investment involve in this type of industry so we want to get super normal profit out of this. Advertisement plays an important role in achieving this. We advertise and market our product or service in such a way that it put significant impact on customer. On line booking is another value added service. We can book our ticket from home and get our seat confirmed. This would help customer to make his plan well in advance and at the same time it is hassle free. This would enable them to get rid off agents as well as long queue. And apart from this it is 24 hours service. Locality card or points given to every customer, who keeps on adding and customer, will get a prize on reaching certain points. This enable customer to interest for his next trip from same airline.

Business and Social Responsibility Essay -- Social Responsibility Essay

Business and Social Responsibility It is widely known that for a business to be successful it needs to provide a good or service that is desired by the public and also to obtain a profit in providing said good or service. Now while these are the most important components to a successful business, they are not the only ones. The social responsibilities of a business include the following: environmental protection and preservation, employee safety and morale, product safety for the consumer. The financial manager must keep these three social responsibilities in mind when making any and all decisions. The environment has become a big issue over the last 30-40 years, especially for the businesses that may negatively affect it. Businesses that have been suspected of polluting or...

Police Officer Essay

It is always quite frustrating whenever things don’t go as you had planned it. You plan things thoroughly expecting those things to happen exactly how you want them to be, but still certain unexpected occurrences keep coming up ruining everything you had planned. It might be a little bit more comforting if you know that it was your own fault that caused your plans to not go as you had wanted it. However, when it is something you totally did not expect; something completely out of your control; something which was not your fault at all; that is the annoying part. What is more irritating is that you end up having no choice but to live with what has already happened and ending up fixing the damages or compromising yourself to the damages that that unexpected occurrence has done to your plans. In my case for example, I’ve always wanted to be a police. Ever since high school, I’ve dreamt of getting into the police academy. My family may have influenced this dream of mine as I was growing up. Most of my family members worked in the police department. It was my father and my eldest brother who were the first to be a part of the police. Currently, there are four people in the family who are working in the police. My brother before me, the one who I m closest to, is currently training at the police academy. My initial plan was to get into the academy as soon as I finish my schooling from back home. Things changed when I got into an accident last summer and injured my plane. With this injury, I could no longer get into the academy; I was deeply disappointed. My plans for my future had been ruined; however, hope was not completely lost for me. My eldest brother found a way of getting into the police department by studying finance and accounting. The academy doesn’t only need physically strong people; they also need people with brains who specialize in certain fields. My plans have now changed; I am now studying for a degree in business. I will finish that and then find a way of getting into the police academy with the help of that degree. Things do not always go the way we want it to be. Expect to always have unexpected things coming up. The best thing we could do when something unexpected comes up is to not give up even if tit ruins out original plan. Think of other ways, other alternatives, of coping up with that unexpected change so as to get back on track with our original plan.

The Assyrian Empire vs, The Phoenician Empire Essay Example

The Assyrian Empire vs, The Phoenician Empire Essay Example The Assyrian Empire vs, The Phoenician Empire Paper The Assyrian Empire vs, The Phoenician Empire Paper The Assyrian Empire vs, The Phoenician Empire Within the Assyrian and the Phoenician Empires there was truly a contrast in their institutions, goals and values. While the Phoenicians conducted a society based on trade and religion, the Assyrians mainly focused on expansion and control. Moreover, both empires had their strengths and weakness within their respected societies. During this time period the Phoenician and Assyrian empires differed in Just about every aspect of society. While the Assyrians were an absolute ambitions empire that sought out territorial expansion and control of trade route and cities, the Phoenicians made no attempt to build a territorial empire and focused more on the creation of trade routes and ports. Also, the Assyrian empire tok much interest in huge labor forces for agricultural work and building projects, while the Phoenicians also put more work towards the innovation of ship building and seafaring, rather than building projects and agriculture. These two empires also had an absolute contrast when it came to their goals and values. Within the Assyrian empire, there were massive armies that were well trained and ruthlessly disciplined. This not only reveals how much the Assyrian relied on onquering land but it also shows how much they valued their military. On the contrary, the Phoenicians were more of a social empire that political, much like the mesopotamians; the Phoenicians saw religion as very important along with laws, science and writing. This goes on to show that the Phoenicians valued the human ming and spirit. In addition, the Assyrian empire created a cruel propaganda machine to support and Justify their system of expansion and inequality. Therefore showing how much the Assyrians truly valued their interest in expansion if they were illing to lie to their people to make it alright. In contrast, the Phoenicians saw no point in seeking to lie to their people to make it alright. In contrast the Phoenicians saw no point in seeking out new territories mostly because their coastal cities made them ideally situated to develop trade in the Mediterranean, which does to show that the sea and trade was a way of life for the Phoenicians. Also, the Assyrians has a rigid social structure that was not only made of mostly peasants but it also left women without any control of their own lives, which provides the thought that most people ithin the Assyrian empire were seen with no value at all. With that said, Phoenicians were more of a society based off religion and would even conduct sacrifices for their gods and at times children would also be sacrificed, which truly shows how much the Phoenicians valued their gods and religion. Moreover, the Assyrians and Phoenicians had completely opposite views of how to work a civilization. The Assyrians and Phoenicians definitely had different ways of conducting a made do with what they had. In Conclusion, These two Societies truly differed when it came to their institutions, goals and values.

buy custom The Healthcare in America essay

buy custom The Healthcare in America essay The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA) which was signed by President Obama on March 23, 2010 is an effort to solve Americas biggest domestic issue. The issues of cost, the large number of uninsured, and quality of care are the catalysts leading America towards the universal healthcare. First, while insurance companies are recording the superfluous profits, the insurance premiums are averaging 10% to 20% of families budgets (Abelson 3). In addition to the obligation to pay large premiums, high deductibles have risen sharply. In 2010, 10% of people covered by their employers had a deductible of at least $2000.00 (Abelson 1). These high deductibles discourage people from receiving the routine medical care because they are paying out of pocket until their deductible is reached. This practice has a reverse effect on people putting off care until they absolutely need to, which results in higher costs. An estimated 18,000 people in the U.S die each year prematurely because of not having the affordable healthcare (Toner 5). A byproduct of this age of large premiums and deductibles is deceptive marketing practices by the insurance companies leading people to believe they are covered while the small print excludes them from coverage, selling people essentially fake insurance . The small print jargon can be so confusing even that hospital representatives can be fooled. In one case, Lawrence Yardin had a policy, which seemed to indicate $150,000 a year in the hospital care. After looking at his policy, St. Davids, where he went for two separate heart procedures, estimated his portion of his bill to be a few thousand dollars. He and the hospital were surprised to learn his coverage was mostly for room and board. The policy coverage for other hospital services was capped at $10,000, which excluded him from nearly all-routine care including medicine (Abelson 1). Mr. Yardin ended up with a hospital bill of over $200,000, forcing him into bankruptcy. This is one example of how people are being pushed into personal bankruptcy by medical problems and actually had insurance when they got sick, which is now estimated be 75% of people filing for bankruptcy. The excessive cost of healthcare in America has also created a new industry called medical tourism. This is the practice of going to such countries as Thailand, India, Singapore, and Costa Rica to receive the elective medical treatments. With a heart valve replacement costing as much as $160,000 in Boston, the same procedure can be as little as $8,000 in India. A hip replacement costing $43,000 in New York can be done for $12,000 in Thailand (Shilan 1). In 2008, Hannaford supermarkets added an international option for the hip replacement surgery where the cost is $10,000 to $15,000, compared to more than $40,000 in the U.S. An employee would pay $2,000 to $3,000 out of pocket for the procedure stateside. If the employee goes to Singapore, he or she has no out of pocket expenses and the company pays up to $10,000 for the airfare and ldging for the patient and a companion (Shilan 2). Healthcare costs forcing Americans to go to foreign countries for procedures, going into bankruptcy, and foregoing preventive care have put America on the course for the universal care. Second, although the perception in America is that our healthcare is the best in the world, the U.S. ranks only 37th in healthcare performance among 191 members of the World Health Organization (Davidson, p. 3). A dismal statistic considering America spends more on healthcare per capita than any other country in the world. Quality healthcare is in doing everything right in the rigt time and way and have the best possible results. (Docteur 1). A recent study finds that 81% of Americans have concerns that the quality of care will diminish if the U.S. adopts the universal healthcare. Americans have come to assume they have the best healthcare in the world, maybe out of ignorance. The United States is not among the top performers in terms of life expectancy, and rank among the lower third of developed countries in the life expectancy at birth (Docteur 3). In addition, in a recent study among 19 countries, the United States had the highest rate of death from conditions that could have bee n prevented or treated successfully. The Canadians, who have had a universal health care system for years also seem to be receiving better quality of care. From 10 studies that included the statistical adjustment and enrolled broad populations, five favored Canada, two favored the United States, and three showed mixed results (Docteur 7). When looking at these studies, it is clear that the United States is not the best provider of the health care in the world, offering another reason for the push towards universal care. Moreover, according to (Patel Rushefsky182) and the findings of a research carried out by Rand Health on the quality of heath care in America, it was established that on overall, adults receive nearly half of the recommended health care. In addition, the findings further postulates that the quality of care across the metropolis was similar. It also points out that the quality of care varied across conditions, as well as across communities in respect for the same condition, for instance, cares for diabetes varied from 39% in Little Rock to 59% in Miami. However, the care for cardiac problems was also inconsistent with 52% in Orange County and Indiana to 70% in Syracuse. The findings further revealed that no single community had the worst or the best health care in relation to chronic conditions, and that all socio-demographic groups were at risk for poor health care since race, financial status, as well as gender makes a negligible difference as far as the receiving recommended healt h care is concerned. This measures the extent in which the quality of health care in America vary, and as such, the need for a universal care will help improve the situation. Finally, the other factor pushing Americca towards the universal care is number of uninsured in America. The Census Bureau reports the number of Americans now at an all-time high of 49.9 million, an increase of 900,000 from 2009 (Pecquet 1). Since 2001, the number of Americans with employer-provided insurance has declined from 179.9 million to 169.2 million, partly from employers no longer offering coverage, but also from employees who could no longer afford the premiums (Kunerth 1). In 2010, in regard to the adult population 16.4% are un-insured, 11.2 % are get insurance from means such as buying their own insurance coverage, 25.3% get health coverage through the government plan, and 45.8% getting the employer-based coverage. However, this percentage has been on a decline, hence increasing the number of uninsured. With the economy not doing well, many families have had to make the decision between the health insurance and food on the table. Those without insurance have been classif ied as either involuntary uninsured or voluntary uninsured. The involuntary uninsured comprises of school dropouts, young, low-income, immigrants, unemployed, as well as those who are single and have no children. These demographics indicate the variation in the health coverage. The number of uninsured in America has been tolling, and research indicates that 1 in 5 adults below the age of 65 and approximately 1 in 10 children are without insurance. As such, individuals without insurance are exposed to more health risks compared to those insured. The gap that exist between those insured and those without insurance in terms of the effective health care access and health care needs have resulted in the needless suffering, illness and even death. In addition, the levels of uninsured in America in 2010 still remains high with 38.9% of Hispanic Americans continuing to be uninsured, whereas 3 out of 10 low-income Americans staying without insurance. On the other hand, 28% of youths below the age of 26 are still without insurance. The high number of u ninsured means that uninsured will be potentially vulnerable and it will add to the collective cost of healthcare that Americans pay. A Center for Disease Control (CDC) report points out the falling economy as one of the contributors to the soaring number of the uninsured. Many people during the economic downturn loss their job, this implies that they also loss the accompanying insurance coverage. The report findings indicates that out of the 68,000 Americans surveyed, more than two-thirds are considered to be in good health, but the number is far much below what it was a decade ago. As such, the need for a healthcare reform is indispensable. Based on the documented studies, the healthcare system of America is on a crisis. Therefore, the necessary action must be taken, and as such, the appropriate action should be through a healthcare reform where all the American citizens will be eligible to health insurance coverage. This will help in reducing the variations that are prevalent in health care needs and access. Buy custom The Healthcare in America essay

Contract Acquisitions Contracting and the FAR Essay

Contract Acquisitions Contracting and the FAR - Essay Example Under such suits, those claiming received a percentage of the money recovered. The civil swindle inquiry, which was incited by a whistle-blower who had been an employee for the firm, was another severe humiliation for the Navy that is already grappling with a criminal analysis of its major ship contractor in the Pacific, Glenn Defense Marine Asia. The company’s owner,  Leonard Glenn Francis, was detained in September on accusation of conspiring to corrupt Navy officials with money, prostitutes, and trips in exchange. Those officials aided deflect ships to certain ports where Glenn Defense submitted exaggerated bills. 3 Navy officials were charged with crimes, and 4 others, together with 2 admirals, were suspended over relation with Mr. Francis (Grossman, 2003). Investigators accused Inchcape of a diverse plan: that it paid commissions to subcontractors ready to give great discounts, and then took the variation as a substitute of refunding it to the Navy. A national subpoena issued in March 2011 anticipated that Inchcape turned over its proceedings concerning Navy ships and any discounts or rebates from subcontractors since 2002. Report show that the marine Supply unit Command unmitigated Inchcape’s biggest contract 7 times since 2010, when the Justice unit began analyzing the whistle-blower’s allegations. The firm had won at least $257 million for exertion in the Middle East under the agreement. Since 2010, the Navy has given the company at least 8 other contracts, anticipated at more than $41 million, inclusive of three years. (Grossman, 2003). The FAR does not offer adequate protection to the American people because it was called for by the President to help the periodic appraisal of existing important set of laws, The FAR committee finalized its strategy to carry out a demonstration review of presented important set of laws. In May 2012, the

Race and Your Community Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Race and Your Community - Research Paper Example The basic reason for this is that racial diversity in many parts of the world is becoming commonplace including my own neighborhood. Racial diversity and tolerance has become increasingly essential for ones growth in the society we live in. This paper looks into various influences of race in my community in Atlanta, GA. Discussion Living in America as an African American is not easy and the case is not any different in Atlanta. I am currently employed at South Fulton Medical Center where people of all races converge for their medical needs. I therefore have a deep understanding of all the aspects that surround people of different races. It is however important to appreciate that people of all races, African Americans, Caucasians, Hispanic etc seem to have similar values and beliefs (Sanjek & Gregory, 1994). My family values were that all people are equal in the eyes of God and we should see all as equal. Racism in my community is not a big problem but it is a cause for concern. When I was a small child I remember that all children played games together irrespective of ones race. We even played video games, went out together and even had sleepovers. I remember also with delight how we used to be punished by our friends’ parents who were of different race and my parents would take it as a normal act of instilling discipline in all of us. The basic discipline revolved around respecting elders, one another and oneself. The level of insecurity at our neighborhood was at par with some of the best of the affluent communities but there were still some racial differences. The media in Atlanta is one that tries to capture all issues as they are irrespective of characters involved. What matters to them is the story at the end of the day and to keep all people irrespective of race, glued to the various stations. College games are at the forefront in media coverage together with many other activities. The media has for a long time tried to identify with people of all races by capturing all that is in the offing without being biased (Hartmann & Cornell, 2007). The media in Atlanta therefore offers a good platform for Black Americans like me, Caucasians, Hispanic and others to be showcased in whatever they do. Leadership in Atlanta especially in my community represents the racial diversity in the city and its environs. People have come here from all parts of United States and abroad and it is surprising to see that even people who were immigrants are leading in various departments and areas in the city (Solomos & Goldberg, 2002). Examples are the department heads in my workplace; they are 20% Black Americans, 45% Caucasians and the rest take 35%. Many of these posts are not elected but appointed which indicates that the level of racial segregation is low in my neighborhood and workplace as compared to other states in the US. This was however not the case when my parents were young as almost all the posts of leadership, political or otherwise, wer e occupied by Caucasians. It is therefore the wishes of leaders to ensure that this outfit is abolished by treating all people as equals. Minority groups to a large extent are appreciated in my community. There has been a growing trend of Atlanta picking liberalism and becoming an all-rounded city. According to Bagby (May 2010), examples are the gay community in the city who are mostly found in Midtown, black Americans, Hispanic and Asians. For one to appreciate that these people’